1、一. 非谓语动词的含义“非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词分词,即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。”
2、二. 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下:1. 不定式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)例如:The teacher told us to do morning exercises .2. 动名词:doing (表示主动)例如:Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.3. 现在分词:doing (表示主动和进行)例如:He sat there,reading a newspaper.他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。4. 过去分词:donepolluted river 被污染的河流 (及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系,即“河流被污染”)fallen leaves 落叶(不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系,即“叶子落下来”)注意:非谓语动词本身不能表达现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进展,将来相对于谓语动作:与谓语动作同时发生表示进展;谓语动作后,表示将来。
3、三. 非谓语动词的作用1. 不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)学会一门外语是很难的。It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主语,it做形式主语)很容易见到他们的姑姑。Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)他的愿望是当一名司机。I have nothing to say.(作定语)我没有什么可说的。The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)They went to see their aunt. (目的状语)他们去见他们的姑姑。2. 动名词:做主语、宾语、表语、定语。Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)学英语非常困难。I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语)I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)His job is driving a bus.(作表语)他的工作是开车。a swimming pool(作定语)3. 现在分词:作表语、定语、状语和补语。The story is interesting.(作表语)He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作状语)他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定语)这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)4. 过去分词:作表语、定语、状语和补语。He is interested in the news.(作表语)他对这则消息很感兴趣。a polluted river(作定语)Given more time,I can do my work better.(做状语)I found my watch stolen.(作宾补)
4、四. 非谓语动词重难点1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)两听(hear、listen to)三使叵萤茆暴(make、let、have)一感觉(feel)例如:I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.注意:以上11个动词,也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补,但在时间和语态上会有变化,我们以see为例来区分一下。see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......I see him make the phone call.I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)We often see him surrounded by much work.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事mean to do sth. 计划做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情